Why are the Panama articles in Spanish, and who signs them?

Panamanian company law is civil law written in Spanish, so the articles of incorporation are drafted in Spanish and signed before a Panamanian notary, then registered with the Public Registry. The company exists from the date of registration. You receive an English translation with the registered articles, so you can check what was filed.

Source: Registro Público de Panamá, Registro Público de Panamá